Rethinking Our World

Rethinking our world Linguistic analysis * Claims that almost entirely philosophical occupations whoremonger be dispensed with once their underlying lingual basis is undefendable * No matter how hard we try to solve a problem we fail, then we are dealing with a false problem/ hollow set of words * 2 British philosophers = Bertrand Russell & AJ Ayer * Focused on rational system, linguistic marrow & verifiable facts supporter us do * Think to a greater extent clearly * Be precise in what we mean * Spot private assumptions & dishonesty in all forms of propaganda rear endt military service us with * Moral problems * Life choices * Facing accept mortality Seeing the large number we love suffer * Our witness pitiful perspicuous symbol & priming coat * Arrive at the basic structure of truth * Process is facilitated by representing objects & alliances symbolically * Any state custodyt that is aline/false by exposition lowlife be expressed in form of symbolic logic sens ualism * Gained through traditional 5 senses(seeing, hearing, touching, smelling, tasting) gives us our most trusty form of information * Concerned with establishing the truth by means of scientific testing * Searching for objective truth * Linguistic analysis, logical symbolism & empiricism = logical mpiricism flush toilet help us * fancy how our physiologic world operates * Test truth of certain claims * Refute what is false * comply natural laws of the Universe * Learn from bewilder Failings * Places too much vehemence on science * Ignores human values * Views human beings as machines * prevail to ignore anything that privyt be explained scientifically * Confines truths to that which can be experiences through senses Critical Rationalism * Encourage questioning & open-mindedness * Socrates, 470-399 BC * Challenge existing ideas & beliefs by questioning them * Essential for the future of true democracy Emphasis that scientists must be objective * Completely against societ ies where stack cant babble out their minds freely & discuss things openly * Focuses on avoiding falsity Help us to do * Question what batch in authority tell us * Be more open to what opposite people think * Examine our own stamps more carefully * Be more tolerant & understanding * Solve problems flockt help us to do * Make quik decisions * Find meaning of life * Can make us feel insecure * Solve problem of suffering oddballs of false argument * Name-calling * False cause & effect Falsely representing an opinion in order to discredit it * Appeal to emotion * Falsely claiming that, because a point of view is popular, it must be true Existentialism * What is meaning of life? * Modern believe that our duty is to decide for ourselves what life is active Can help us to do * Question former(a) peoples ideas & values * Be more open about ourselves * combine our instincts * Spot fakes * Enjoy life more Failings * to a fault trusting * Can be confusing * May lead to despair * May leave behind us feeling helpless & angry * May be poorly disruptive Nihilism * Philosophy of nothing No purpose in life = waste of time * Can lead to violence & chaos, solely also free people who get down grown up in very repressive religious environments African doctrine * Holistic philosophy which shares certain ideas with Buddhism philosophy it stresses the importance of human community & communitys blank in the Universe * Claims that triumph at least partially consists of living for others, supporting each other * Its an anti-materialistic philosophy Can do * Build communities * Encourage human beings to be more junior-grade * Give deeper understanding of ourselves * Help us appreciate mystery examine need for tradition in human life Cant help us do * Doesnt challenge provide structures * unable(p) to accept women as mens equals * Doesnt encourage censorious thinking * Tends to ignore needs of exclusive person * Tolerates cruel irrational practices System scheme * S ees things as a whole quite a than separate things into parts & encourages us to keep the objective of a system in mind The enneagram & Human personality 1. Reformer 2. Helper 3. Movie mavin 4. Individualist 5. Scientist 6. Loyal supporter 7. Pleasure-seeker 8. Achiever 9. Peacemaker Critical theory Most famous version = Maxism wants to abolish all inequalities of wealth & all social inequalities Influences * Maxism * Feminism * Black by compensatess movements * Postmodernist thinking * Socialism Help us do * Realistically assess power * Identify those who have power & those who dont * Identify weaknesses in existing power relations * Define own, personal power & weaknesses * Re-examine our priorities * Re-assess our lives Fails * Become fanatic * Sometimes too simplistic in its analysis of power * Too idealistic * Lead to despair & violence * Ignore human emotions & desires * very grim philosophyReligious Leaders & social upbraiding * Buddha- Buddhism search for populace using, in the main powers of the mind Path consists of * right thinking * right attitude * right means of earning a living * right conduct * right views * right speaking * right effort * right concentration * Moses on a call for social justice under the One God. * Mohammed vision of nightclub was of all humankind united under Allah * Jesus of Nazareth radical criticism of oppressive social & economic structures & His single-minded focus on what He called The Kingdom of God * Karl Marx stood for hope & better tomorrowFeminism * Sexual stereotyping * Creating bigger place for women in the world * Rejecting view that women are inferior to men Type of feminism * Critical rasionalism questions traditions * Critical theory challenges all forms of power * Empiricism asks us to look at reality objectively & social reality * African philosophy attempts to decolonise the efforts of domination by white males * Logical empiricism feminism precisely define problems women face Claims * Women p eople in own right * Women should reject mens definitions of what makes a women precious * Not make defensive claims to equality with men Womens felicitousness doesnt depend on having a romantic/marital relationship with a man * Have right to pronounce an abortion men dont get pregnant & bear children Phenomenology * Look at things & ourselves as they really are * Believes theories about themselves, life & Universe can be very misleading lead to falsehood & deep sorrow * Promote religious belief * Confront ourselves in all our ambiguity & complexity & thus get nearer to real me * Encourages us to drive power structures by a process of retreat & non-engagement rather than confrontation Hermeneutics * Greek interpretations Similar to existentialism * Take imaginaryy & symbolism poorly * Claims that arts & crafts are important in human life * Believes happiness is linked to our own creativity in whatever form thet takes * Encourages us to be poets, writers, authors, actors, pai nters, designers Main ideas * Emphasis the importance of listening & observing * Claims that individuals life-experience influences the way he/she understands world * Affirms importance of dialogue in arriving at an understanding of any issue * Is anti-authoritorian & encourages the individual to create his/her own meaning & understandingHelp us do * Create meaning * Discover own hidden artistic abilities * Resist scientific arrogance & domination * Understand each other * Be more tolerant of each other Cant help us with * Define problems * Overcome hurt * Be decisive * Take action * Be more logical Modernism * Science, reason & technology will fix it all Postmodernism * Doesnt believe in definitions Examines following aspects of human condition * Way in which we see ourselves * Failure of science to solve many problems Fact that reason may not be a good guide to declaration certain problems * Power of large, modern institutions over individual * Need to experience all our emotion s to the full * Our inner needs * Mental anguish & malady * Where we get our standards of right/wrong * Trust these standards * Criminality & delinquency * engineering is morally neutral Methods of enquiry in philosophy * Phenomenology who are we? * Hermeneutics symbols & images speak to us * Empiricism what is actually going on * Some forms of feminism who says the male is the norm?